Machine Learning Meets Markowitz

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6.8 / 10 NBER Text Methods

Authors: Yijie Wang, Hao Gao, Campbell R. Harvey, Yan Liu, Xinyuan Tao

Published: 2026-02-25 · View on NBER · PDF


Abstract

The standard approach to portfolio selection involves two stages: forecast the asset returns and then plug them into an optimizer. We argue that this separation is deeply problematic. The first stage treats cross-sectional prediction errors as equally important across all securities. However, given


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